Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Essay Example Paper
Meghan, a 69-year-old Caucasian female, was brought into the emergency room by law enforcement officers because she was experiencing severe manic and psychotic symptoms. Meghan had been taken from the streets, restrained, and looked to be destitute when she was taken into custody. She was described as being very restless, aggressive, talking too much, and experiencing hallucinations at the time of her first examination. Benadryl, Haloperidol, and Lorazepam were prescribed by the doctor in a combination dosage form for the patient. Meghan seemed to be calmer and less agitated after getting the intramuscular injection and was put under close supervision and given a safety companion after obtaining the treatment. Her conduct worsened an hour after she was put on medication, and handcuffs were utilized owing to her increased restlessness and aggressiveness. Meghan’s situation is unusual in that, neither the personnel nor the cops were informed about her health history at the moment that she was brought to the emergency room. A phone number was discovered while going through her items and it was found that Meghan was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and managed to hitchhike from Orlando to Los Angeles. She had been declared missing for nine months prior to her appearance in Los Angeles. Meghan was locked up, but she succeeded in escaping Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Essay Example Paper.
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In older individuals such as Meghan, the kidneys eliminate the most of medicines, and the pharmacokinetics of medications is affected by the decline in renal performance in this population (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). In addition to the complication of comorbidity, multidrug regimen, and age-associated alterations in the kidneys and liver, drug therapy may be difficult, with the possibility of toxicity or medication interactions arising.
Using the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria for older adults in conjunction with a reality orientation, an individualized care plan for Meghan would be developed (2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria, 2019). Behavioral clinical manifestations change and develop in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Hallucinations, restlessness, agitation are common in these individuals, and a decrease in restlessness instead of sedation is the primary aim of therapy in the majority of instances (Casey, 2015). If Haloperidol were used rather than Lorazepam, it would be the first medication considered since it has a shorter half-life, produces respiratory distress, minimal drowsiness, and has very little impact on blood pressure (Davies et al. 2018)Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Essay Example Paper.
References
2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria®. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 674-694. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15767
Davies, S. J., Burhan, A. M., Kim, D., Gerretsen, P., Graff-Guerrero, A., Woo, V. L., Kumar, S., Colman, S., Pollock, B. G., Mulsant, B. H., & Rajji, T. K. (2018). Sequential drug treatment algorithm for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer’s and mixed dementia. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 32(5), 509-523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117744996
Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.017
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. http://iaibojonegoro.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Lehnes-Pharmacotherapeutics-for-Advanced-Practice-Providers.pdf
Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug. Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease. Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study. Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Essay Example Paper